Female Vietnam Veterans Heal From the Oppressions of War A Spiritual Essay

Female Vietnam Veterans Heal From the Oppressions of war A phantasmal View of Forgiveness From the Inside Out - Essay ExamplePsychological disorders have damage the once healthy mental and emotional well being of veterans. The guerrilla style of strugglefare executed during this war intensified the horror of deployed military force play. Being the longest war that the United States has see, the Vietnam War has tremendously impaired the psyche of the Ameri fires. The atrocities of the Vietnam War were enormous especially for Ameri can buoy female military personnel engaged in this war. Aside from the shocks and trauma from war encounters, some of them were also victims of internal discrimination and sexual abuse. According to Hilder (2004), well-nigh 30% of women US veterans from Vietnam War experienced sexual encounters accompanied by force of by holy terror of force. These made the Vietnam War a repugnant event that made those who committed these vicious crimes unforgivable to them. The atrocities that they experienced in the war were in themselves, traumatic. However being discriminated and abused by their fellow military personnel intensify these emotional scars to a point that these have been transformed into plague. Time can allay and tout ensemble heal the fear that one has, the traumas was brought up by the cruelty of their enemies yet deep-seated animosity and hatred due to these sexually related misdeeds that they received from some men cannot be healed without forgiveness. Forgiving others eases up pent-up anger and hatred. It is actually a response to an injustice or a moral equipment casualty (What is Forgiveness). In war injuries comes from a wide array of causes that eventually result into a diversity of do. It can lead to serious damage such as grave and even lasting mental, emotional, and spiritual defects. just what is even more shocking and unbearable is the betrayal of your trust to your comrades especially so when females have been sexually harassed by their peers. The research of Fontana and Rosenheck (1998) on female Vietnam War veterans, who had experienced sexual stress, concluded that sexual discriminations and abuses are toxic for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Here is where the heal power of forgiveness should take place. strange the psychological and emotional harm inflicted on them during the war which they voluntarily submit themselves into what exacerbates the malady of the female Vietnam War veterans is the fact that they suffered a harsher and more contemptible experience from their male comrades who discriminated them. Psychological, emotional and spiritual injuries that they received from the Viet Cong can be healed by psychotherapeutic means. But without forgiving the sexual misdemeanors of their male company, the toxic effects of hatred ordain continue to retard their healing process. Forgiveness, especially when done methodically and scientifically will unclog the animosity inside her and free her from the harsh effects of hatred. Drs. Robert Enright and Gayle Reed conceived the Process Model of Forgiving. This healing method aims to use the power of forgiveness in psychotherapy. It has four phases denudation, Decision, Work and Outcome/Deepening arrange. Uncovering Phase - In this first phase, a person, in the case of Vietnam War veterans, the female military personnel, has go bad acquainted with the emotional pain that she receives from the immoral and unjust injury. Her resentment towards the abusers is to be felt to the fullest. Decision Phase - This honest recollection and uncovering of her emotional pain can already heal some of the symptoms of her psychological and emotional distress. But she should make a decision on whether she should take steps on what to do about her hatred to the ones offended

Alcohol problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alcohol problem - Essay ExampleThese questions preserve be used for a person with a current at risk behavior, but people with ago or future at risk behavior are not analyzed. This quiz could be addicted to all ages due to the generality of the questions. However, only current at risk, moderate risk, and low risk can be determined at the measure of the quiz. This quiz should include questions about past behavior. Instead of ask about recent or within a year, the quiz should ask the same questions with no time limit set. If high risk behavior is detected, maybe a more detailed timeline could be used. Finally, the approximately important question is missing from the quiz. I believe family beverage habits should be visited. For example, I have alcoholics on both sides of my family tree. This is an important factor to determine at risk individuals.2. What is the difference between choke up drinking and alcoholism? Why does society accept binge drinking in so many fate? In your li fe, what shaped your beliefs (acceptance, participation, or abstinence) regarding binge drinking? What do you think could change the culture of bingeing, in particular in the college setting?Binge drinking is more hardcore alcoholism or for social reasons. It starts at parties and socially, but soon a person has to have that much alcohol. My views were shaped by my fathers drinking. At first on the weekends and then through the week. At the end, he was drinking 2 1/2 cases a day, plus a bottle of tequila. The violence, vomiting, and psychological belittlement made me want to abstain. Unless a college or university banned drinking totally on and off campus, I do not think that binge drinking would ever really change.3. Taking what we have talked about in class so cold regarding the pathophysiological changes in the brain that occur with addictions, what is the main area of the brain that might be involved with why young adults choose to consume alcohol.

Places i have visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Places i have visit - Essay ExampleIndia is one of the few countries that have a rich gloss across the globe. The food, dressing, language among others are worth mentioning. The Sari dress is official in India and it is their traditional government agency of dressing particularly the women. I discovered that the Indian culture is very conservative and there are certain norms and values that shape the way of life of many Indians. The type of food consumed in India is to a fault culture specific and I always cherish the cheeky Indian spices.From India, I then go to Malaysia to study English in Kuala Lampur. This is also a very interesting place given that its touristry industry is booming. In Malaysia, I had the opportunity to meet different nationalities and I realised that it was very classic to study English since it is a universal language. Malaysia is regarded as one of the tourist hubs on the Asian stainless. The estate receives millions of visitors each year and I have a lso visited different places to familiarise myself with this country. The culture of the Malaysian mountain also makes them different from the other people from different parts of the world. The Malaysians have certain values they rate and always try to preserve.From Asia, my next destination was America. My archetypal journey to the USA was in January 2010 and it was characterised by both anticipation and excitement. I travelled to the USA to study at the University of Char dish upte in North Carolina. Much of the experience I had about this great continent was obtained from different media sources. I anticipated discovering and learning a lot of things in the USA and so was the case. First and foremost, I realised that the US was a large continent comprised of many states. Though the country has one president, it is larger than other small continents in the world. At first I wondered about the governance system of the US but I later discover quite a a lot of interesting thing s about this superpower. From the

Generating Evidance for Evidence-based Practice Thesis Proposal

Generating Evidance for Evidence-based Practice - Thesis Proposal ExampleOrganizational culture is practically discussed hand-in-hand with planning assessment when thinking of the implementation of systems such as an electronic based competency takes because organisational cultures are not readily counterchanged and as such, if there is no effective politeness assessment in place, changes are that the changes will not be effectively undertaken. Having said this, it is important to point out that readiness assessment is a much integrated approach that is used in measuring how agile the film to undertake changes within a health care facility can take place. In effect, a readiness assessment that is directed at comparing the effect of completeness when converting inpatient registered nurse competency records from a melodic theme to an electronic document system would consider a number of factors and that could either speed up the change process or slow it down. Some of these fact ors could be internal or external and generally stage the environmental factors affecting change (Grayson, 2008). Specific congressmans of these could be mentioned as issues of technology, infrastructure, personnel, social adaptability, among others. Problem Description priming coat of the problem The importance of RN competence records can never be overshadowed in a healthcare setting where the need for ensuring high class training of nurses is a priority (Kalb, 1999). In the midst of the relevancy and importance of keeping competence records in ensuring positive nurse attitude, nurse functions and education, it will be admitted that there is currently a paradigm shift where much focus is no the use of technology in guaranteeing and assuring efficiency and effectiveness (McKessy et al, 2008). It is against this background that it is important to assess the impact that an electronic competence record would have on nursing practice. Stakeholders/change agents In a bid to ensuring the effective use of RN competence records, there are a number of stakeholders whose roles stand out so clear and importantly in the delivery of responsibilities. Whether by the use of the handed-down paper and pen competence records system or by using the electronic system, certain key stakeholders need to play relevant roles to bring intimately changes in the delivery of responsibilities within the hospital responsible for the training of the nurses. On a broader perspective, these stakeholders will be identified as the curriculum planners, supervisors/trainers, nurses/trainees, and the bigger society. As stakeholders, the present proposal is going to affect these agents directly. For example the curriculum planners are going to be equipped with useful policies that need to be incorporated into live curriculum provisions for trained and registered nurses in order to ensure a sound transition from traditional competence records to electronic competence records. Supervisors and trainers are also going to have their works and duties enhanced whiles the larger community is going to benefit from an effectively trained nurse with all necessary competence mastered. The evidence-based principal Throughout the conduct of the evidence-based practice, there is going to be one pivotal question that is going to send the researcher on the trend of data collection and the scope of literature review. Essentially, the evidence-base

BUSINESS PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

BUSINESS PROJECT focus - Assignment ExampleSecondly, it was supposed to be ideal in 2001 and ended up being completed in late 2004 after a prior completion period of 2005 had been rescinded and pushed back to that time in 2004. The building was to play host to a total of 129 members of the Scotch parliament and more than 1000 workers as well as civil servants.Its building and construction had been controversial right from the start. The points of controversy lay with the situation choice, the design, the architect and the entire construction everything was fully criticised. An enquiry into why the meet took that long was construed and determined that the despatch was all flawed right from the start to the end in terms of worry, finance, competence of the project management and many other aspects and issues.The location details are to it that the building was supposed to be erected on a 1.6 ha piece of land and located just 1 km east of the city of Edinburg. The Spanish archite ct sought a design that was representative of the national identity. This issue of design was the beginning of the project problems given that the design was delivered late and not in line with the requirements of the project previous historical requirements. content is to say, what was discovered was a complex non-hierarchical low lying, organic collection of buildings that intended to integrate the environment and Scottish people. The building was later found out to be a complex of several buildings with varying designs of computer architecture including a section providing accommodation for the members of parliament, their staff and researchers. Many features were attached to the building and this made it very pricy attracting critical acclaim from the people and other leaders including some members of parliament that used it. The estimation terms of the building was put to the bar way back in 1997 before the ideal construction started. However, it was remark

NBA Lockout Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NBA Lockout newspaper - Essay ExampleThey two parties could not come to a consensus regarding the division of revenue and the proposed structure of the profit cap and taxation of the frauds luxury. During the period of the lockout, the pseud could not access NBA team facilities, flight simulator or staff they could not make any trades, sign or contact the players. This led to player signing other contract in countries like Asia and Europe and left a possibility of returning to the NBA after the conclusion of the NBA lockout. A tentative deal was eventually reached in November 26 2011 and allowed for the start of the flavour shortly thereafter. Following a previous lock in the 1998- 99 season, a six socio- frugal class contract was agreed between the owners and the players. This meant that the CBA was set to expire by 2005. A new agreement was meant to count place that, there were several issues that blocked a new contract. The issues include the age limit for the rookies that were to be drafted in the NBA, limiting the length of the long term contract that many teams had to sign with their players and the toughening of the existing medicine testing program. The two parties reached an agreement that prevented a lock out in 2005. This deal was meant to grant the player 57 percent of the Basketball Related Income (BRI). This deal was also meant to last six years. Due to the economic crisis, eight officials of NBA asked the Commissioner David Stern to address the issue on Large market and Small market teams (Rosner 78). He said the online economic system only worked for the large market teams which made them successful but, those diminished teams were facing major losses. The two parties under the CBA began to look for a possible solution to this issue that seemed to halt out of hand. The league declared that it was losing close to 300 million vaulting horses in a year. This meant that out of a possible 30 teams, 22 were counting losses. Therefore, the y proposed that the players salary was to be reduced to 40 %, which came to about 800 million. They also recommended for the salary cap to be reduced to $ 45 million opposing the current one at 58 million. These recommendations were not taken lightly as the union disputed the figures and were unfluctuating to oppose these changes. Billy Hunter, the director of the union advised the player for a lockout. Negotiations continued regarding the salary cap, and the newest scheme known as the flex cap was meant to limit the payroll at 62 million but reprimand on the event that the teams payroll exceeded the average league payroll of the season. The fraternity still felt that this was a hard cap (Washington post ). Players offered a salary reduction put out an estimate of about 500 million over the next five years from 57 to 54.3 Percent. However, the owners proposed a 2 billion cut for the next ten years. On June 30 2011, both side attempt to resolve the key issues of the BRI splits a nd salary cap but, there were no able to come into an agreement. The owners leaseed a large portion making claims of losing money whereas, the players were willing to make special considerations, but they refused to completely cave to the demand of the owners. This eventually to a break off and the CBA expired. With the NBA player deciding to reject the latest offer, the mutli billion dollar game ended in a crash. The players disclaimed their union and ended its right to negotiate on their behalf.

Experiencing History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Experiencing invoice - Essay ExamplePeople who were a little away from the detonation point first experience the flash and heat, and a few seconds later a loud noise was accompanied by a blast wave. Almost all buildings inwardly a mile of the blast had collapsed, and closely all structures within a three-mile range were damaged. Buildings that survived without any damage accounted for less than 10 percent of the total building in the city. Out of 76,327 buildings, over 50,000 are destroyed (Yep 22). The blast was so powerful that the wave had glass shatter even twelve miles away from the point of explosion. Even people miles away from ground zero presently reacted in a way that they had been hit by a bomb. Small rescue teams soon began to operate, all the same half of Hiroshimas population was either dead or injured. In areas which were worst hit almost everyone suffered serious injuries. Soon a large fire storm erupted which was caused due to the merging of several different small fires around the city. This firestorm ultimately covered about four and a half square miles of the city, cleanup position almost everyone who was injured and could not escape the first few minutes of the blast. Injuries from the blast, and from splintered glass and falling debris, occurred throughout the city and beyond (Lifton 20).Relief and rescue teams from outside came in very slowly as the politics of Japan did not even know what had happened for sure even hours after the attack. All telegraph and wireless communication from Hiroshima had suddenly come to a halt from 816 am.

Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper ExampleLargely self-educated, Da Vinci went on to fill thousands of dense and neatly penned secret commentaries and theories, a number of which have been descriptively catchy to interpret. Though his ideas and findings had no direct influence on later science, the very combination of intellect and resource to create such inventions as a flying machine aircraft based on the physiology of a lick would later enter the world of manufacturing with the ultimate assembly of a number of powered engine machines manage the automated bobbin winder. A polymath with an unquenchable curiosity and feverishly inventive imagination, Da Vincis intellect, energy, and gallantry in confronting problems and/or questions his time cut him uniquely among the rest as perhaps the approximately multifariously talented individual that has ever lived. Indeed as art historian Helen Gardner (1970) notes, Da Vincis constitution was without precedent, not only with regards to the scope and depth of his interests, but also in terms of the mystery as well as how remote his observations were for the empirical methods he employed were far much beyond the possible designs of his time. His private life was kept much way from the public limelight, drawing much speculation from a section of scholars, more so about his sexuality.With reverence for sight (knowing how to see) as the most important aspect of human life, Da Vinci saw art and science as complementary quite a than distinct, in effect, summing up his intellectual acumen that traversed across fields of study (Freud, 2012). Accordingly, he spent a great deal of time testing scientific laws, dissecting bodies, those humans as well as animals, structuring his observations, and finally releasing his thoughts in the thousands of manuscripts that have more than divided scholars on the specificity of his vision.Probably due to

Civil rights play in Don Quixote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil rights play in Don Quixote - screen ExampleThe role of civil rights is very strong in the work as Don Quixote chamberpot be seen as informing people about their civil rights and helping them to face the wicked.The first errand in which Don Quixote gets involved is the knocking down of the monks who are the attendants of a lady. Don Quixote considers them as attackers. Sancho, Don Quixotes squire gets confused that they will face approximately adverse reaction from the ladys attendants entirely Don Quixote informs him about their civil rights as knights. He matches himself with police officers who have the right to use some violence in separate to maintain law (Presburg 56). According to him, knights can be aggressive at times for which, they wont get punished as they are authorized to use their effectualness for the safety of common people.Don Quixote attends burial ceremony of Chrysostom who commits suicide for a lady named Marcela. Marcela rejects his love, which become s a movement for his suicide. At the burial, Marcela appears and informs that she is not responsible for anybody. Don Quixote protects Marcela from the chasing men and threatens that he will kill anyone who will go after Marcela (El Saffer 134). He becomes a guard of the woman and asks her if he can be of any help for her.The virtuoso of the work, Don Quixote shows interest in listening to the stories narrated by the characters with whom he meets in his journey and shows sympathy for them (Presburg 59). He meets several prisoners watched over by equipped men and asks the prisoners to inform about them. They all narrate their stories by showing them as innocent people who are maltreated. Don Quixote helps them in their freedom by scrap with the armed men. He shows sympathetic attitude towards each and every person who seems above suspicion.Don Quixote in any case shows interest in the story of the naked man named Cardenio whom he finds in his way and chases him in order to know about him. When he finds him, he asks

Proposal Preparation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposal Preparation Plan - Assignment mannikinhold the cohesive nature of the maneuver thus ensuring that the broken points are successive, this facilitates the effective mop up of the work without instances of redundancy.Key among the components of a particular work sectionalization structure is the scope of the project. This refers to the features of the project including all the activities that start out up the project. The structure must detail all the features of the work thus providing a reliable muster in in the completion of the work. Time is yet another essential component of the structure. As discussed earlier, the structure guides the trading operations of the project managers. As such, it must detail the timeframe for the project by providing appropriate durations for every aspect of the project. by the bye completion of the broken-down features contributes to the well timed(p) completion of the entire project owing to the interrelation of the various components (Project caution Institute, 2006). Additionally, a work breakdown structure must show the budget associated with the completion of the task. The budget enhances the completion of the project since it avails adequate resources for the completion of a particular aspect of the work. The appropriateness of the budgetary allocations ensures the effective and timely completion of the work since it influences the availability of the related resources. Besides all the features described above, a work breakdown structure must name the individual responsible for the project. This enhances accountability, a fundamental feature that contributes to the success of the project.An aircraft clay is a complicated carcass consisting of various components that must operates efficiently and independently albeit in unison. This ensures the success and efficient operation of the entire system. The graphical representation below portrays a broken down feature of the system showing a typical work breakd own structure in the maintenance of an aircraft system.The system presents a

Business Environment Analysis of British Airways Assignment

Business Environment Analysis of British Airways - Assignment Example(BA) using a brief description of its mission, vision along with its long and short-term business objectives. The discussion would also centralize on describing the extent to which BA addresses different objectives of the stakeholders and explain the key responsibilities of the organisation towards implementing strategies to accomplish them. Moreover, the aim of the designation is also to understand the nature of the national environment in which BA operates, by evaluating economic constitution and assessing impact of the fiscal, monetary policy along with competition and regulatory mechanism on BA to achieve its business objectives. In addition, the assignment also tends to explain the current market structure of the airline attention of the UK and reveal how it determines the pricing and output decision on different airline activities of BA. Finally, the assignment will guidance on the significance of key g lobular factors that have major influence on the UK business organisations and how they fig the national business activities of BA.Founded in the year 1974, BA has long been witnessed as one of the highly reputed organisations in the global airline business industry. The organisation performs its perpetual development through different unprecedented conditions of the global airline industry. In relation to the current business performance, the key purpose of BA is to maintain continuous focus on its strategy of being renowned as the worlds leading premium airline company (British Airways Plc., 2010).The mission statement of BA significantly defines delivering of effective airline services by acting responsibly to ensure better customers experience with adequate safety and confidence while flight of steps to their respective destinations. With due regards to the mission statement of BA, providing adequate safety along with increasing confidence of the customers is the extreme fac tor

The Law of Search and Seizure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Law of anticipate and Seizure - Essay ExampleConsidering the fact that there was enough information roughly the criminal as well as the crime he was about to and had committed there was enough probable evidence to stop his vehicle. The responsibility of the police is to ensure the safety of the public and the aforementioned action at law was t aken so as to make sure that the safety of the public was not ignored (Soglin, Price and Romano, 2007). The description that had been provided about the criminal as well as the appearance of his car was found to be exact and he also carried out certain actions that ar done so by people who are unrighteous of crime. The exchange of bags, the way he deals with the other person, his attempts to get rid of the surveillance etc were all somehow guiding the police towards believing the fact that he was the real criminal.The officers have the freedom to detain public if they are considered as having the propensity of being a criminal. They d o not violate any law what so ever by merely approaching individuals in public and that too because they have reasons to consider them a criminal. Even when officers have no foundation for deducing a scrupulous personage, they have been given the authority to as forelands, as well as for credentials, and appeal to assent to investigate their person or property. Also, it is to be interpreted into consideration that the police have the liberty to carry out a warrant less lookup of any part of a means of transportation as long as they have glib cause to suppose that the object they are trying to find is present in the car. And, this includes compartments and containers within the vehicle, including the ashes and glove compartment. If a search and rapture without warrant are made upon probable cause, the search and seizure are valid. When officers have probable cause to study that an automobile contains contraband, the Fourth Amendment does not require them to secure a warrant pr ior to searching the car for and seizing the contraband (Fleck, 1999). Detaining is allowed even if the person is not under arrest on the basis that there is enough proof of him being stopped and searched. They feces also be asked to step out of the car because of the fact that the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of the States allows them to. Hence the governmental authorities have the power to stop general public (only if they have reasons to believe them as criminals) and to ask them to step out for questioning. If there is no reason to believe or compass him or her as a criminal, then the person has the power to walk away from the detention or to even not answer the questions posed by the police at him (Supreme Court Upholds Right of Passengers, 2007). The question of searching a car without warrant arises here. This is also allowed under the Fourth Amendment but even this action required the presence of enough

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Exam - Assignment ExampleA genuinely good example of technical advancement is mobile reverberate. The type of mobile phone which we had in former times no longer exists now. There is a change in the demand of mobile phone users. This has resulted in the advancement of mobile phone technologies. The users of mobile phones demand functionality and simplicity. This has forced the manufacturers of mobile phone to sire smart phones which are computer minded, easily usable, having more functionality as compared to the mobile phones of past. Further, technological advancements have helped organizations and businesses to give birth cost of production and time which is an advantage to undersized business and have managed to use these advancements for gaining competitive advantage. A very good example is 3G/ 4G broadband. The advantage of this super fast internet has been taken by small business to reach the target market with lower cost of operation. However, there has been both p ositive and invalidating effect of technological advancement. ... Further, it has also increased the health risks as the technological users do less exercise. In the perspective of education, students are more dependent on computers and calculators for solving simple equations. They cannot train their brains for solving a simple task for which they become lame in class. A few technological advancements have changed the serviceman lives in the following manner Technological advancement has contributed a lot in health make out and medicine. This has helped to save the lives of many innocent people. Further, it has improved health sciences and gentlemans gentleman medicine. The medical students and doctors use medical technological tools for carrying out extensive research on the challenges and problems related to human health. This extensive research has led to the ontogenesis of treatments and new drugs which help to cure the challenging human diseases and saving the lives of man y people and prolonging the lifespan of human being. For example a smart phone ultrasound which was provided by Microsoft can be use for integrating a USB based ultrasound probe with a Smart phone. This can be used to gain a ultrasound device which is simple hand sized for enabling the doctors to image the bladder, liver, veins, eyes, arteries and kidney of a diligent in remote areas which can detect any infection easily. This device can be used in many developing countries for saving the life of people. This mobile ultra sound can be used by the doctors without boundaries for helping the patients in remote areas. Certain other technologies in health commission include use of nano-composite contact lenses for treating diabetes patients. Neuro-prosthetic chips are used for controlling artificial

Principles and Articles of the United States Essay

Principles and Articles of the linked States - Essay ExampleThe principle of checks and balances monitors all the branches of the giving medication to ensure that each of the branches balances the government so that no one is powerful and supreme than the other. For instance, the judiciary interprets the policy or law, the executive implements the law and the legislature formulates the law.The U.S make-up was drafted in a unique manner of checks and balances to protect peoples liberty and rights against combination of government authority. It made legislature, judiciary and executive completely separate and autonomous as to work but organise for proper function with security to block usurpation of authority or power. When people talk about checks and balances in government, it is significant to understand the composition of the three branches of government that can act or compensate another branch of the government to prevent it from possessing too much authority over the other branches (Hollitz, 2010). This dodging has proved to be effective in the U.S. For a long time, the U.S constitution has been analyzed, interpreted, and amended to conform and accommodate to transforming circumstances, and the authority exercised by the federal or central government have transformed with it. For example, since the Federal or Central government can affect the States, it has the right to hold back federal money from the States that do not desire to conform to the plans of the federal government. The constitution grants these powers to the federal government, which it has to exercise in moderation and not excessively (Hollitz, 2010).The agreement of checks and balances have functioned very well for a long time in the States despite the fact that some clashes have occurred, when vetoes of certain branches of government have been overtaken or appointees declined, these cases are rare. The system has managed to keep the judiciary, executive and the legislature in balan ce, which has seen these branches attain a

Why a Black Would Chose Conservatism over Liberalism Essay

Why a Black Would Chose Conservatism over Liberalism - Essay ExampleAs the fib declares liberals and conservatives share the same political principles, differing only in degree. While both believe in human race and private sector, liberals call for a larger government than do the conservatives. Conservatives rely on religion and impost while liberalism believes in science and collectivism. A study conducted by the Bay Area Center For voting Research shows that the liberals remaining in the nation are the African Americans although the black Church is supposed to be conservative. This research stresses that conservatism is a state of mind and a type of character it is a way of looking at the social order. It has a set of traditional principles and philosophy. Conservatism calls for personal state as one part of the social contract and understands the importance of collective responsibility. Relationship has to be make with everyone and not by creating a mental discrimination tha t they are oppressed by the whites. The blacks need to back away this mental block from their minds. The blacks are interested in conserving their past. They were denied emancipation and integration they were taxed without representation and denied access to preparation too. Through various governments, from Ronald Reagan to George Bush, they always remained INFERIOR they were blamed for crimes and drugs, and suffered inhuman treatment. Conservatism in the black alliance is widely associated with white racism.

Christian Science Monitor Essay Example for Free

Christian Science Monitor EssayAn phrase in the Christian Science Monitor last January tries to set consumers about the value of ampere-second offset programs and whether they have any real effect on world-wide warming. The article, published January 10, 2007, discusses the concept of carbon offsets and the efforts of both(prenominal) companies to become carbon neutral. The ideal atomic number 18 based on the idea that as consumers we emit a certain(a) inwardness of nursery gases or are duty for having been emitted.In an effort to reduce that amount, the so-called nose candy footprint, consumers are being offered the chance to bargain for carbon offsets, a process by which a company takes some action to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases being emitted. If enough offsets are purchased, the person or company can become carbon neutral meaning that their actions are not increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the world. This article, Do Carbon Offsets Live Up to T heir Promise? , is about the first report by someone trying to tax whether this is a good environmental effort or a giant fraud.The report, by the non-profit organization fairly Air-Cool Planet, argues that three-quarters of the 30 companies currently selling carbon offsets are doing a less than mediocre job of it. The companies were ranked on a scale of 1 to 10, 75 percent ranked less than a five. The article also details what criteria were used to evaluate the carbon offset programs. The intended reader of this article is the highly-informed readership of the Christian Science Monitor. The newspaper is one of the most well-respected in the country for journalistic excellence and assumes a certain amount of base knowledge in its readership.As such, the article could have been better at explaining some of the basic terms it used, but appeared to be scientifically accurate. Surprisingly, many of the articles sources were citizenry officious in the environmental community. This wo uld seem like an inherent bias in the article, but many of those people were willing to point out flaws in the carbon offset system. One representative of the Sierra friendship told the Monitor that if carbon offsets were viewed like papal indulgences and people used them as an excuse to keep polluting, they could potentially be harmful to the planet.The article was also peppered with scientific facts including the idea that methane is a more dangerous greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide without feeling like a science lecture. This article made me angry because it seemed to give away it clear that carbon offsets are a sham. The article indicated that one criteria of the evaluation done by disinvest Air-Cool Planet was to determine how many of these greenhouse gas reducing activities would have taken place unheeding of whether the offsets were purchased.For companies who use producing alternate fuel sources as a carbon offset, it appears that this new trend is simply a way to capi talize their projects and make even more money. Other companies called planting trees their carbon offset. Since trees are a renewable resource, I am skeptical about when and where these trees were being planted. If they were planted to replace a forest that had practiced been clear cut for the local paper mill, then calling them a carbon offset is fraudulent and ridiculous.This article made me very leery of those who use carbon offsets in general, as it appears that this may indeed be a way for the indulgent to continue their polluting ways, never change their lifestyles to take a hop the needs of the planet, and feel better about themselves while nothing is being done to stop global warming. This article left me with the impression that much of the hype about stopping global warming has been just that, hype, and that we will realize in a few years that the problem is getting exponentially worsened despite our efforts to fix it.

The French artist Gustave Courbet Essay Example for Free

The French artist Gustave Courbet EssayIn the late nineteenth century faith in science and technology reflected a growing mind that people could observe the facts of everyday life c arfully, understand them, and use the understanding to control the world more(prenominal) successfully than ever before. The artists also closely observed contemporary life in their paintings. During the second half(a) of the century their focus included the methods of science and the realities of urban life. The romanticism of the early-nineteenth-century culture which had idealized love, religion, and the exotic gave way of life to a gritty sense of pragmatism. Realists felt free to appear modern life full in the face and both praise its successes and criticize its failings. Innovative painters turned to realistic depictions of life on their canvases. The French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-77) who believed that the artist should never permit the sentiment to overthrow logic led the attac k on the romantic art by painting sober senses of urban life and rural labor. Gustave Courbet is today know as a realist for his essentially unsentimental portrayal of life in the mid-nineteenth century. One of the most noteworthy of his early turn overs is his vast A burial at Ornans (fig. 1) of 1849.Its acute description of this simple except profound ceremony seems to have provoked very specific, sometimes vehement, responses in the years immediately later its unveiling, and as a result the realism was thought to be motivated by little more than socialist concerns. The negative reaction to this subject matter should not come as a surprise, as throughout the history of western art a few(prenominal) artists had ever considered the plight and devoting of the peasant as a topic worthy of serious attention other than for overtly sentimental or moralizing reasons . tho it would be misleading to view Courbet as principally a politically motivated painter instead, his work asserts a very modern notion that an artist is first and foremost a social barometer of the historic period and context. Courbets painting technique is not easy to describe because of its variety and disregard for the pedantic rules government activity composition. He much inserted his figures as if they were removable set pieces. In spite of this collage technique, many of his pictures look as if they had been painted at a single sitting because of their unity of color.They were in fact often produced very quickly. Courbet prided himself on being able to paint a picture in two hours as well as produce several versions of equal quality. On the other hand Courbets pictures a great deal mixed bag a closed world landscapes can give the impression of being locked away, and, though they are at close quarters, people may turn away from the viewer like in The St hotshot-breakers. therefore a stiff composition is often found in conjunction with a fluid use of color. The special quality of Co urbets work is really achieved by means of color.Courbet initially imitated 17th-century Dutch and Spanish painters (Rembrandt, Hals, Velazquez, Ribera) from whom he derived the use of black as the starting-point. He employed a dark ground throughout his life, but the treatment of surfaces changed. Courbet resorted more and more to using broad brushes he rejected detailed academic painting. By working increasingly with a spatula and palette knife he gave color a special, warm quality, which influenced van Gogh and Cezanne . In 1861 Courbet wrote An epoch can be reproduced only by its own artists.I mean artists who have lived in it. I hold that the artists of the century are fundamentally incompetent to embody the things of a past or future century It is in this sense that I deny the earth of an historical art applied to the past. This was, of course, an affront to the academic standards of Neo-Classicism, but it also was an artistic call to harness for expression tied directly to the events, traumas, and psychology of the age art as a dynamic if sometimes uncertain voice within culture, rather than a decorative or didactic tool.This opinion did not go over very well in critical circles, since most influential writers and taste-makers still viewed art as a tool for moral elevation and profound teaching, and consequently saw everyday events as simplistic and unworthy subject matter. As a result, Burial at Ornans was rejected at the ecumenic Exposition of 1855 . Courbet responded by setting up his own show in a tent beside to the official exhibition. In the process, the always flamboyant Courbet sealed his reputation as a master of self-promotion, once again a posture considered unworthy of an artist in earlier times, and a politically astute artist. nigh critics assert that a dramatically different view of art can alter the way in which the artist, and thus the viewer, comes to appreciate an artworks meaning . It is known that there is an important reci procal kind between contemporary ideas in other fields of human inquiry and those in the visual arts. If one attentively considers Courbets The stone Breakers (fig. 2) of 1849 one can understand that the relationship between form and content is no less important to Courbet, but his choice of conventions to accentuate his message is telling.Though Courbet mute and even utilized a number of traditional compositional devices in his execution of work, the seemingly innate(p) gestures of the figures give the impression of an authentic and perhaps more natural space. Rather than developing an architectural mannequin or other mathematically derived pictorial structure, Courbets painting enables the viewer to enter into the scene with few external or otherwise presumed considerations other that the labors of the two man.As a result, ones minginess is thrust upon these two solitary figures and their brute activity if there is any heroism present, it must rest period with the travails o f the workers, and the elevation of the here and now. The two mens tattered clothing and averted faces make them seem unknown and therefore representative of many other workers. While there is dignity in their work, Courbet does not enliven either the stonebreakers or nature. The scene, like the mens lives, is harsh. Painted only a year after the 1848 revolt in France, it speaks of an art for the masses and a creative process intimately linked to the stresses of the street.This is what realism meant to Courbet. Courbet like other realistic artists depicted everyday life on large canvases, and thereby get the wrath of those artists and critics who believed that only paintings of historical, mythological religious or exotic scenes should be considered great art. Figure 1 Courbet, Gustave A Burial at Ornans 1849-1850 oil color on canvas 10 3 1/2 x 21 9 (314 x 663 cm) Musee dOrsay, Paris Figure 2 Courbet, Gustave The Stone Breakers 1849 Oil on canvas 10 3 x 8 6 (160 x 259 cm) Formerl y Gemaeldegalerie, Dresden (Destroyed 1945) Bibliography Berger, K.Courbet in his Century, Gazette des Beaux-Arts, II (1943) pp. 1940 Joseph C. Sloane The Tradition of Figure Painting and Concepts of ripe Art in France from 1845 to 1870 The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Sep. , 1948), pp. 1-29 Novotny, Fritz. Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780 to 1880. Baltimore, MD Penguin Books, 1960. Schapiro M. Courbet and Popular Imagery. An Essay on Realism and Naivete, Journal of the Warburg Courtauld Institutes, IV (1941) pp. 16491 Weir, David. riot Culture The Aesthetic Politics of Modernism. Amherst, MA University of Massachusetts Press, 1997.

Administration Effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Administration Effectiveness undertakeThe organizations must put up realistic and attainable objectives . This is something that can be understood by musical mode of saying that goals of the unit must be made accordance with the support in legal injury of strength , resources and equipment available to the unit . It is no right to put up goals that could not be supported by current logistics and personnel available within the unit.This study aimed to determine the administrative efficientness of the Bureau of cast aside Management and penology in the province of Albay in order to recommend measures for improvement to enhance a better system of jail management . Specifically , it sought answers to the following questions 1. What is the status of Bureau of remand Management and Penology in the Province of Albay in terms of a.) Administration b.) Manpower c.) Physical Facilities d.) work e.) Inmates2. What is the level of goodness of the Bureau of lock up Management And P enology in the Province Of Albay in terms of a.) Administrative Services b.) Security and Custodial Services c.)Rehabilitation Services3. What are the problems encountered and solutions offered ? 4. What action plan whitethorn be proposed to effect a better system of jail management ?The study utilized the descriptive research method using the 5-point Likert scale to assess the perceptions of the respondents . A total of fourteen (14) officers , one cytosine ten (110) non officers rank and thirty- six (36) inmates were considered respondents in this study.See moreThe Story of an Hour Literary compend EssayFINDINGSThe following are the findings in this study .1. The status of the Bureau of Jail Management and penology are presented in terms of its nerve, manpower ,physical facilities , operate and inmates. The serve were more of the rehabilitation programs provided in several(predicate) jails . A total of 124 BJMP personnel comprised the entire Albay BJMP.2. The perceptions o f the three groups of respondents o the level of effectiveness of its administrative services , security and custodial services and rehabilitation services are the following the personnel and cypher assessed to be as very effective with average mean of 3.41 inmates welfare with 3.20 also as very effective , mess and supply with 2.81 also as effective as general services with 3.28 as effective . The security and custodial services with the following average mean 3.88 or very effective and take in team with 3.84 also as very effective. Rehabilitation services in terms of the following components religious and guidance counseling with 3.24 or very effective livelihood with 2.69 or effective and health services with 2.80 or effective.3. Most pressing problems were focused on insufficient office supplies , lighting , water and talk facilities as perceived by the non-officers and inmates while the officers viewed no capital outlay and lack of office equipment bunks ,mats and prisoner s avant-garde as their most pressing problems . The solutions offered currency for repair and procurement as perceived by the non-officer and inmates is budget for construction of jail facilities / transportation and funds for traveling expenses while the officers perceived on the jail reference book .4. Proposed action plan is prepared in order to address the pressing problems in jail judiciary and management .CONCLUSIONSFrom the foregoing findings , the following conclusions are drawn .1. The services as rendered for rehabilitation by the administration were conducting religious counseling and guidance establishing livelihood programs and activities and providing health services to the inmates .2. Health services and livelihood projects were the wholly vital needs of inmates to assoil them productive while incarcerated.3. Insufficient office supplies and materials and physical facilities were noted as the most pressing problems of proper physical facilities will be insta ll , it will probably learn safety and security of both inmates and the BJMP personnel . 4. Activities proposed in the action plan are implementable and can be easily achieved by the Albay BJMP.RECOMMENDATIONS1. The BJMP Central Office should Increase the funds allocated for the different jail Station/ offices. They should make intense representations to the DBM for them to release the immediate needed funds . Investigation of the physical condition and evaluation of the funds requested to manipulate the viability of the programs presented.2. The programs for rehabilitation services are more anchored on the health services to ensure the physical condition of the inmates . Likewise, livelihood projects should be provided to make the inmates more productive while they were incarcerated . Moreover, they should established linkages with early(a) non-governmental agencies to help them in improving their undertakings particularly in the conduct of religious services and other operable programs.3. Require the administration to adhere to the most and pressing problems of the jail offices and stations . install and give priority to the additional physical facilities such as lighting , water units , mattresses , and other office equipment . The office may not be able to supplement the needed supplies and materials but they could possibly solicit them from other local anaesthetic government agencies .4. nimble implementation of the proposed action plan.Areas for further study a. Evaluation of on-going rehabilitation programs and projects for the Albay Provincial Jail . b. inmates plight in Legaspi City Jail. c. Perceptions on Jail Breaks in Legaspi City. d. Construction Of Conjugal Rooms For Inmates . e. Immediate Evaluation and Judgment of various cases.

Three in American life Essay Example for Free

Three in American life Essay end-to-end the time period that we have studied, I believe that on that point were three events that had the most significant dissemble on American life. Progressivism was the most important outcome from these years. Another major outcome is the Birth date Movement. The Freedmans Bureau is the last major result from this time period. Between 1865 and wee 1920s, the country changed from a pastoral nation to an urban one.Progressivism is the reform movement of the 1900s. It dealt with people from the middle class who werent immigrants who wanted to cure amicable problems. Women got involved in this because it was the only acceptable way for them to influence politics. There were many issues that had to be dealt with. The oeuvre safety was one of them. Workers worked more than 54 hours per week and the accident rate was very high. The solutions made for there problems changed the way American people worked and how long they had to. Now, there was an 8-hour work day, there was a law for tokenish wage, there were safer working conditions, and there was an end to child labor. The Progressives believed that you could use science and technology to solve problems. They in addition believed that schools were to prepare students to function in society.The Birth Control Movement was another significant change in American life. In 1873, the Comstock Law was passed. This law made it illegal to use the Postal Service organization for any article or pamphlet intended for contraceptive information or abortion. Then, in the early 1900s, Margaret Sanger began the Birth Control movement. In 1912, there was a column in the newspaper that was named, What Every little girl Should Know. In 1913, this column was outlawed. Then Sanger was convicted for distributing literature under the Comstock law. Soon, right after World fight I, blood line control was more widely accepted. This changed the lives of many people, especially people who were married but never be after to have kids. This also got people more aware of STDs and other diseases.The Freedmans Bureau was established in the War Department on March 3, 1865. The Bureau supervised all relief and aid for millions of Southerners left roofless and hungry by the war. It distributed food, clothing, served as an employment agency, set up hospitals and operated schools. It played a major portion in providing education for African Americans. It also helped settle contract disputes between African American laborers and ashen planters.The time period between 1865 and the early 1920s was very important to Americans. It changed America from a campestral to an urban nation. There were three events that had the most impact on American life. They were Progressivism, the Birth Control Movement, and the Freedmens Bureau.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

cocoa and Starbucks EssayStarbucks has been the most successful cocoa filament using their rough expansion strategies to surpass its competitors. Through its expansion, Starbucks has foc apply on creating a dense mesh topology of stores all around US, while also opening up new locations all around the world. However, Starbucks aggressive expansion strategies have posed major threats to its financial health such as tight cashflows, summation debts, poor liquidity ratios and etc. In addition, this approach can exacerbate competition among close Starbucks stores. ascribable to the aggressive expansion, Starbucks has lost its internal focus in its core business drinking chocolate and its unique Starbucks welcome third place. The issues are how Starbucks can stay profitable in the future and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time sustain its dominant position in the bon vivant burnt umber berry manufacture. We have examined the patience summary that focuses on the industry trends, the firm competitive environment and followed by a SWOT analysis on Starbucks. Finally, we look at the company strategy analysis that focuses on the Starbucks strategic intent and its strategic position.From these analyses, we inspire a few selections where Starbucks should pursue moving forward in order to avoid further slide down and sustain its dominant position. .Company Background History. Starbucks hot chocolate, Tea and Spice was established in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Zey Siegel and Gordon Bowker in Seattle to sell roasted burnt umber beans and coffee machines. (See Exhibit 1 for timeline) At that time, the founders philosophy was to guide game tonicity coffee and educate the public the art of appreciating fine coffee.It was the founders passion and strong commitment on educating the public that attracted Howard Schultz to join Starbucks in 1982 as the head of the marketing department, overseeing the companys retail stores. On one of his business trips to Mil an, Italy, Schultz stumbled upon an opportunity to revamp Starbucks and shift its focus from its original business activities. Schultzs new business proposition for Starbucks was to coiffe freshly brewed coffee at their outlets which he sold to the founders without success. aft(prenominal) many unsuccessful attempts, he left the Company.In 1987, Schultz acquired Starbucks from the founders and changed its name to the more abbreviated Starbucks and modified her logotype to what we see today. After the acquisition, he introduced the idea of The Starbucks experience to all Starbucks outlets that is to create a comfortable halo for patrons to relax. From then on, every Starbucks outlet was the perfect duplicate of this concept. In 1992, Starbucks had launched an IPO and its common stock was world traded on the Nasdaq. In 1995, Starbucks venture overseas and formed a joint venture with SAZABY Inc to open Starbucks stores in Japan.In 1996, Starbucks first oversea outlet was opened in Tokyo. Today, Starbucks has a total of 7,087 Company operated stores and 4,081 manifest stores in US. Additionally, it has 1,796 Company operated stores and 2,792 Joint Venture and License store operating in other 43 countries. .Definition of the exertion, Competitors and Scope of Analysis Generally, Starbucks is in the Food and Beverages industry. However for the purpose of this paper, we would define Starbucks to be in the gourmet coffee industry with the following competitors Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf Costa Coffee Caribou Coffee.(See Exhibit 2 for a brief write up on reasons for the choice of these competitors and any(prenominal) background information of them) For the purpose of this paper, our analysis go out be focusing on Starbucks in US and Australia. The next section provides an overview of the gourmet coffee industry and the competitive environment in US and Australia. .Overview of the Industry. .Political Forces. Generally both the US and the Australia political situ ation appeared to be well established and stable. This will provide a good platform for both current businesses and new businesses to operate in.In US, despite the current verge of recession, the political mood is still likely to favour cast upd regulation of businesses. In addition, even though international tensions are likely to keep on but their have-to doe with on political stability and economy will remain minimal. Similarly in Australia, the political climate is likely to remain comparatively stable. Although the relationship between the federal government and the states had been rocky in the past it has cleansed subsequently the introduction of a more stable formula for revenue distribution..Economical Forces. USReal scotch growth is expected to slow from an estimated 4% in cc8 to 3. 8% in 2009. The modest slowdown reflects the impact of lower demand from its trading partner. As these exists imbalances in the economy and the poor short-term outlook for growth, it is false that conditions in the US are now recessionary and that growth will remain very timid in 2009. This will in turn affect the GDP and the disposable income of its residents. Australia Traditionally, rapid growth in Australia has been slowdown recently due to recession.Improved monetary and fiscal management have reduced macroeconomic volatility, but risks and imbalances are present. The low domestic savings rate renders the banking system dependant on opposed financing. The current account deficit is large, and international financial markets may start to worry about the primal causes. Bubble conditions also seem to exist in the housing market. .Socio-cultural Forces Consumers Perceptions and Disposable Income. US There had been an increase in coffee consumption in the US market though the rate had slowed down in 2005 posing threats to coffee retailers.Recently, US consumers had increasingly opt for healthier hot drinks such as afternoon tea and RTD beverages which affect co ffee consumption rate. The trend is likely to continue, leading to decline in coffee consumption. Australia Coffee sales had experienced quite lukewarm growth from 2000 to 2005. The culture of cafe had caused more nation to opt for on-trade sales coffee at the cafe instead of home-brewed coffee. According to BIS Shrapnel, people increasingly guide to go to cafes for their coffee and there is an increase of 50% within 2 years in coffee consumption. .Technological Forces Technological Developments.Technological changes have created many new products and treates. It cares to reduce costs, improve fictitious character and lead to innovations which in turn benefits consumers as well as organizations. Many organizations in the gourmet coffee industry had recognized the importance of providing wireless internet access and Wi-Fi hotspots to its patrons. These technology advances had created a leisure place for patrons to graze net or hang out after home and work. Most of the organizat ions had also introduced automated coffee machines to speed up the brewing process so as to shorten waiting time.To further improve business operations and efficiency, some organizations have also make use of information technology systems to help them run their businesses more smoothly. .Environmental Forces. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming, many organizations in the gourmet coffee industry had increased their environment awareness by reduced the usage of disposable cups to serve coffee and increased the use of ceramic mugs. Furthermore, the organizations had also reduced the size of their paper napkins, paper bags and in store garbage bags.The organizations were also encouraged to purchase Fairtrade certified coffees so as to promote prudent environmental and economic efforts. The following section presents our analysis of gourmet coffee industry with the aid of Michael Porters 5 Forces model. . Analysis of Gourmet Coffee Industry- Porter 5 Forces. Plea se refer to exhibit 3 for the criteria used for the scoring of each forces and an analysis of each forces. Force 1 panic of New Entry. Threat of new entry is high. High start up cost involved in purchasing equipments, sourcing for coffee beans and training barista.Strong brand identity leading to high switching cost for consumers Score 10 Force 2 Threat of Substitutes. Substitutes are gourmet coffee of a different brand ongoing gourmet coffee industries is saturated High switching cost Threat of substitutes considered to be relatively high Score 6 Force 3 talk terms Power of Suppliers. Majority of commercially available coffee beans come from a few industrializes countries. Increase the cost of coffee houses in sourcing and gaining access to these high quality coffee beans.Bargaining power of suppliers is relatively high Score 5 Force 4 Bargaining Power of ConsumersBargaining power of customers is relatively neutral. Current player gained brand loyalty Product specialization hel ps to retain current customer and attract new customers. However price sensitive customers might look to for cheaper alternative. Score 0 Force 5 Rivalry between Competitors. Intensity of rivalry is moderate. Brand identity and high switching cost is relatively unfavorable to new player that has just entered the market. Score 3. polishFrom the in a higher place analysis, we noted that the threat of new entry, the bargaining power of the supplier and threat of substitutes are relatively high. On the other hand the bargaining power of the consumers is neutral and the intensity of rivalry is moderate. Hence from the above analysis we concluded that even though there is high intensity of rivalry in this industry it is still considered to be attractive. This is because, according to report from Mintel, there is still potential for growth in the coffee industry as the number of coffee houses in US itself had increased by 70% from 200 to 2005. .Key Success Factors.The key success factors in the gourmet coffee industry includes -ensure product quality by applying the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of coffee -provide a cozy atmosphere where people relax and chill out -recruit passionate people who love coffee and equipped them with skills to provide upscale customer service -reduce customer waiting time by implementing many innovations to speed up the process -accelerate innovation in producing products of a much superior quality than that of its competitors and -locate stores at high traffic, high plain locations.

Three heads are better than one Essay Example for Free

Three heads are better than one EssayThree Heads are Better Than unrivaled Response Robert J. Trotter, in this article on intelligence sorts, focuses on the recent work of Sternberg (an IBM Professor of psychological science and Education at Yale University). Sternberg recalls at the beginning how his psychometric test scores on standardized tests were terrible as a child in the fifth caste because he was always nervous and ended up freaking out mid test. This continued until one year he had to re comprise a test with the grade below him where he noniced he was not near as nervous because he was around babies. This strange occurrence in his life lead Sternberg to studyPsychology and attend Princeton for his graduate degree. He focused mainly on IQ tests and how IQ directly can influence rafts ability to steady down how successful or unsuccessful someone can be at a certain occupation. season he was working as at Yale University he noticed how the graduate students that applied with exemplary grades, test scores, recommendations and accommodations were fought over by the Ivy League schools. Yet these same students would graduate statistically lower than their test scores and undergraduate grades would assume.Secondly, he noticed that tudents with quite low-test scores and grades, for Yale, with great recommendations when given a hazard would succeed with flying colors. Finally a third group with mediocre test scores recommendations and grades managed to suffer great Job placement opportunities. These case studies lead to his populace of the Triarchic Theory of intelligence. Sternberg hypothesized that there are triplet types of intelligence each with an important role in academic studies and in the work force. Componential intelligence revolves slightly analytical thinking and is great for test taking and undergraduate studies.Experiential intelligence surrounds around utilize your experiences to think creatively. Lastly, contextual intellig ence is the ability to be able to recognize the world around you and how to coiffe out on top in any situation. The most interesting part of this article was that it stated as Sternberg was conducting his study and asking both psychologists and Fortune 500 executives if they felt prepared for their Jobs from college and graduate school, they almost all answered that graduate school did not prepare them well at all.Today in baseball club College is not an option for people who want to get high paying Jobs later in life. Although they were yet looking at people who had IQs between 110 and 150, the differences in IQ scores had almost no effect on the performance or the merit based promotions an individual received. Intelligence will never take the place of creativity in graduate school, or real life Job environments. Sternberg argues in that location are three ways to be smart but ultimately what you want to do is take the components, apply them to your experience, and use them to adapt to and shape your environment. The origin of basic intelligence testing as argued by Richard J. Gerig was originally ypothesized by Plato as he stated in the Republic no two people are born exactly alike but each differs from one and other in inseparable endowments, one being suited for one occupation and one for another. The next important researcher for the creation of intelligence testing was Francis Galton in England. Galton had a Darwin was his cousin. Galton tested over 10,000 different people at the 1884 capital of the United Kingdom Exposition based on reaction time, sensory acuity, physical strength, and body proportions.His test however did not lead to any correlated answers and he was left ith almost no understanding of intelligence. Although he failed, he did however leave us with a good idea of hereditary intelligence as he hypothesized that genius was transferred through generations. The modern analytical based testing for intelligence was started by Alfred Bi net at the act upon of the twentieth century in France. Binet started these tests to give schools a way to know if a student had psychical deficiencies at a young age in order for students with special needs to receive help.

Virtue and Character Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Character Essay1. a distinctive trait2. behavior normal of a person or group3. example strength4. reputation.Character is an evaluation of a incident individuals moral qualities. It empennage also imply a variety of attributes including the existence of lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty and loyalty, or of good behaviors or habits. When someone is a moral use, it is primarily referring to the assemblage of qualities that stigmatise one individual from another. Character is who we really atomic number 18. Its what we do when no one is looking. It s the accumulation of thoughts, values, run-in and actions. These become the habits that comprise our credit. That vitrine determines our destiny. Six pillars of characterA person of character thinks effective and does right according to core universal values that define the qualities of a good person They are trus 2rthinessRespectresponsibilityfairnesscaringcitizenshipThe CHARACTER COUNT S Coalition calls these the Six Pillars of Character. Whatever we call them, though, our fictional character as character developers is to guide young the great unwasheds thoughts, words, actions and habits toward these values, which all people share, regardless of other differences. Primary character building forceThe family is the primary character-building force in a childs life, and character education is a major family obligation. Its a parents job to help our kids engage the world with as much trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship as possible. This dispute becomes more manageable by taking a simple approach and involving the full community in sending a common message about the standards of good character.Humility and character are the two important steps of true education. If we have our childrens best interests at heart as parents and teachers, we will mark the development of their character a high priority. Good character consists of knowing the good, desiring the good, and doing the goodhabits of the mind, habits of the heart, and habits of action. All three are necessary for leading a moral life all three make up moral maturity. It also helps to identify other major character influences in anyones life people we admire people who spend time with us reactions we observe goals expectations games friends life experiences stories we hear books we read words we hear euphony we hear TV shows and moviesHow character is related to lifeHeraclitus said that A mans character is his fate.There are certain personal traits that can lead to a good life. Psychology guru Martin Seligman says that these character qualities foster good physical and mental health and so improve our quality of living everyplace all. Instilling them early will set a person up for life. The good news is that we can all learn and develop these qualities and a good life is available to every one of us, and at any age.

Pest Analysis of Sainsburys in a 3rd World Country Essay Example for Free

Pest Analysis of Sainsburys in a third World Country EssayInterest rate, sparing growth, monetary and fiscal insurance policy, inflation and the exchange range are the important economic factors. These factors play a vital role in a plastereds business strategy and decision make. Every uncouth has its own culture and the area has a strong impact on their living. The social and cultural influences on business vary from awkward to country. Socialfactors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, language, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes.Trends in social factors travel the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, the roles of men and women in the society. Furthermore, companies may change un equivalent management strategies to adapt to these social slips Technologicalfactors have vital place in PEST analysis. near markets are labour intensive and some are capital intensive. Technological fa ctors determinebarriers to entry, minimum in force(p) production level and influenceoutsourcingdecisions.It is one of the major drivers of globalization and is the base for competitive advantage. Innovation is offered to the customers or consumers through technology for example internet banking, smart phones etc. It similarly enables the firm to produce a product cheaply and to a better quality in standard. Pakistan is the sixth most populated country in the world with over 180 jillion plenty. It is estimated that the 25% of the population belongs to the middle income configuration. It is also estimated that 55% of the Pakistani population is in the 10-40 years age bracket.The upper middle-income class is estimated at 17 million with relatively utmost per capita income which favours more consumer spending. The average Pakistani consumer spends 42% of his income on fare related products. The coming(prenominal) changes in demographic will create opportunities and challenges fo r businesses in Pakistan. Pakistans food retail sector is nonunionized and highly dominated by independent small stores. Over the past few years, some gargantuan European food retailers have opened stores in all major Pakistani metropolitan cities like Makro, Metro and Carrefour (Hyper star).Pakistani families are attracted towards these stores due to their strategic location, multiple product range and trade processed food. Studies also essay that there has been a significant shift to organized format of disclose from traditional format, in urban areas. This provides a challenging and improvementable opportunity to other food retailers to demean the market. Sainsburys provides convenient shopping under one roof, has wide range of products, consumer friendly environment, large storage and discounted prices.These factors go by Sainsburys an advantage over other food retailers currently present in Pakistan. If Sainsburys decides to enter in food retail sector then it has to per form a PEST analysis. PEST Analysis of Sainsburys in Pakistan political Factors The political factors revolve around the current organization in a country. Currently, in Pakistan, the ruling party is Pakistan Peoples Party which was democratically elected in 2008. though it is backed by westerly powers but still is considered to be a weak government.The basic questions arise such as how permanent is the political or is there any government intervention in the economic policy making or laws and legislation protecting the businesses. Unfortunately, due to weak governments in the past, the security and corruption has been the key issues Pakistan has been go about over the the last decade. Which certainly is not a good sign for any foreign investors. However, giants in food-retail sectors like Metro and Carrefour ( hyper star) have set an example with an increasing growth in profit and expansion even in such circumstances.Sainsburys may enter in the Pakistani market with its vari ety of products which are operational under one roof, as the increasing trend in urban areas shows, there will be high demand for it. Political factors may also include the goods and function which the governments want to provide or be provided. Sainsburys collects much of its revenue by selling its wide range of wines and liven up. Pakistani law prohibits the sale or consumption of any type of wines and spirits within its geographical boundaries, Sainsburys will not be allowed to sell it in their stores which may negatively affect their sales.Government of Pakistan ensures that there is foreign investment in Pakistan and it has signed a few trade agreements too. It also provides foreign investors the incentives to invest here. Partial ownership by the Pakistan government usually serves as an insurance policy for the share holders and the investors. Economic Factors Extremely volatile oil prices are the root cause of global financial crisis in Pakistan which has also worsened th e energy crisis. These two factors increase the cost of production.High inflation is a key resultant of it As Sainsburys produce much of its products in stores so they may go beyond their feasible region in producing a product. Interest rates are at their peak, economic growth is instead slow and this is due to the low level of lending and purchasing power of the consumer is weak. Though it is a labour intensive country and labour give is quite high and also available at low cost than most other countries but unemployment is rising regardless of the above mentioned fact. The respite between rich and poor continues to expand and the percentage of poor is increasing everyday.However relatively quite cheaper labour may do a significant impact in Sainsburys production. It will also toy employment opportunities for young and skilled labour. Heavy loans from financial institutions like IMF and world bank has made the government in debt upto neck and there are no significant changes in sight. However financial economic aid packages in the name of war on terror and from the friends of Pakistan has kept the scrimping from collapsing. Pakistan has integrated with global economy and has brought positive impact on economy with increase in GDP.Despite of the worse conditions, Investing in such a country where cheap labour is available and more than half of the countrys population lies in the labour force, targeting middle-income class-keeping the fact in mind that government provides support to private investors would not be a bad decision. Social Factors The culture and religion are very close to all(prenominal) other in Pakistan. As mentioned above this will affect the sales of wines and spirits of Sainsburys as it is not only prohibited by the dominant religion and prohibited by law but the targeted class does not accept it too.Health and Education are the two important sectors for any developing nations and Pakistan need both of them and government of Pakistan fails to allocate the required budget in both the sectors. However, people like to shop and come with families to the big retail stores. There has been a significant shift from traditional to organized format. The studies show that 11% of the population tend to buy long life food related products in rising for a month. Sainsburys provides a healthy and safe environment to work with,which for a change would attract the people to work and shop here.In comparison to the past, women have also started to contribute in the labor force. speech communication will be a barrier for the citizens of Pakistan as english is not the first language in Pakistan. Buying imported products is considered a status symbol in Pakistan so there is a high demand for foreign products in Pakistan and is appreciated in the local market. According to studies people spend 42% of their income on food related products. So there will be high demand for a food related products provided by Sainsburys. Technological Factors Technological expertise is overflowed in Pakistan as the labour supply and demand for IT professionals is high. There has been an improvement in the industrial sector but still the countrys imports are higher than exports. Since it is a labour intensive area and not capital intensive so use of technology higher the cost of production but shift to focus more on labour may help Sainsburys to produce its products relatively cheaper. There is also a trend of buying products online seen. Sainsburys already provides the service of buying its products online which saves much time so the typical 9-5 custody can also be targeted.

Religion and Morality Essay Example for Free

Religion and piety Essay honourableity as dependant on religionThe idea of whether moral philosophy and religion be linked or non was premiere looked upon by Plato, where in his Euthyphro Dilemma he asks, Is what is pious love by the deitys because it is pious, or is something pious because it is loved? In otherwise words he is questioning whether things argon swell because God com earthds them to be, or does God control them because they be honourable? I will first examine the view followed by theists today, that things be good because God loves them and that religion and devotion are linked. at that place are a number of demeanors which you can establish a possible link between religion and morality, the first being heteronomously. Heteronomy is the view that morality depends on ghostlike belief, or things derived from religion. The rules in heteronomous societies are from religious authority so will manifestly be linked to religion, however a non-religious som ebody is unflustered cap adequate to(p) of being heteronomous as they pull round and abide by the cultures laws therefore adopting a morality based on religion. To a certain extent it is hard to deny aspects of heteronomy, since words like good and condemnable are shaped by religion. It would be hard to present an ethical surmisal give up from these terms.A theonomous link can also be made, where morality and religion depend on unrivaled source (for example, in Western cultures God) who is the fundamental designer of what is moral. Unlike Heteronomy, Theonomy does not require a religious authority as it is to do with the individuals ain belief in the aforementioned source. The Natural Law theory developed by Aquinas is considered theonomous, in which an unca utilize cause is the creative source for all. We can get at God directly in this theory by fulfilling our purposes in life set by Him at our creation.The view that things are good through Gods command is directly illustr ated in The Divine Command Theory, the leafy vegetable theory adopted by believers in the God of Hellenic Theism. check to Emil Brunner (1947), The Good consists in unceasingly doing what God wills at any particular moment, as it essentially impossible for God to command an annoyance knead. If nothing was commanded or forbidden by God then there would be no maltreat or right and arguably, there would be chaos.The DCT can be seen to provide a strong understructure for a stable necessary morality to be built upon as well as personal reasons to abide by it. For example, taken from the views of Kant (although not directly aimed at the DCT) the belief in the existence of an future gives us incentive to live a moral life, which we otherwise may not be able to force ourselves to do. The presence of much(prenominal) an afterlife, and the fear of punishment make it rational (According to William Craig) to go against your own egocentrism for the benefit of others, as self-sacrificia l acts are looked upon well by God. This provides more answers to the question wherefore be Moral?The DCT can be accessed through the Decalogue in the Bible (Exodus 20, old Testament), which provides a set of ten absolute, deontological commands by God. Also through the New Testament in Jesus Sermon on the Mount where he makes laws much more situationalist with teachings such as Love your neighbour, which are flexible and apply to many an(prenominal) situations.Finally, many theists argue that it does not make sense for morals to exist in a non-moral universe as there is nowhere they originate from, they dont fit into a intrinsic universe. They do however fit into a theistic universe where they were created by a moral creator (i.e God), it is then easy to see wherefore they exist. This is supported by philosophers such as John Newman who states that feelings of responsibility and guilt point to God, and by D.I Trethowan, who suggests that an sense of obligation is an awareness of God.Aii) Morality as independent from ReligionA belief in morality as being totally independant from God is an self-reliant belief, and there are many arguments in meekness with Autonomy, very much to do with the idea of free-will. If we really are to act with personal freedom of pick then we cannot act out of fear of Gods punishment, it totally voids the notion of free-will and if God is omniscient and omnipotent he would know what decisions we are to make anyway and he would have the ability to stop us do the wrong ones. James Rachels concludes that no being like God can exist who requires us to repeal our moral autonomy is worth worshipping.There are theories in concurrence with Autonomy which allow still for a good, firm morality without dependency on religion such as Utilitarianism (greatest good for greatest number) so it can be said that religion is unnecessaryThere are many autonomous arguments against the DCT, beginning with the fact that God himself is not bound by any moral law. This would mean that Gods disco biscuit Commandments could easily have been totally the opposite to what they are, encouraging acts like murder and we would still consider them to be good as God is the epitemy of good. This worrying problem was recognized by philosophers such as G.W Leibniz, who decreed, Why praise him for what he has done, if he would be equally as praiseworthy if he had done the unregenerate?There is belief that if God had commanded acts such as murder, people still would not do them as we through our intuition feel they are intrinsically wrong.Another difficulty with the DCT lies in the many unlike interpretations which can be drawn from God. The existence of lots of different religions all with equal take over to God makes it very complicated as we cannot tell which one is right. Also, if morality depends on God then certainly it would be impossible for an atheist to live a moral life, but this is obviously untrue as so many atheists do live m orally.Further criticisms of the DCT stem from its assumption that God is omnibenevolent, a claim which is not easy to comprehend for the atheist because of the undeniable existence of evil.Lastly, many people argue that religion is itself immoral, as it is through religion that the most part of suicide bomb attacks, and other horrific acts are carried out. Examples could be drawn from the events in America involving the Twin Towers, or more recently the teacher in Sudan who is imprisoned for allowing a teddy to be named after the prophet Muhammad. If not for religion, these arguably ridiculous acts would neer be averageifiable. Hume said on the subject, the errors in religion are dangerous those in philosophy completely ridiculous.Richard Dawkins in The God Delusion, clearly advocates the theory that religion is immoral when he discusses the story of Lot. This righteous man is to be saved from the destruction of Soddom and Gomorrah because he is the most worthy man, however he o ffers his daughters for gang rape. According to Dawkins this emphasizes the serious disrespect for women in an intensely religious culture.B) To what extent is one of these claims more convincing than the otherGoing back to the basics of the Divine Command Theory, there are 613 commands in the Bible which were before in effect, but are not now because they are outdated, and theists argue that an omniscient God used them knowing they would be relevant for different times. These theists fail, however to a provide a logical explanation for wherefore there is nothing in the Bible which can be related to biological advances such as cloning, an omniscient God should be capable of filling in these gaps in moral law.Furthermore, as Dawkins relevantly points out how can someone decide that parts of the Bible are now irrelevant, this is just picking and choosing which parts are in your best interest to follow. This suggests that the Bible and therefore the DCT does not in fact provide a s table foundation for morality as there are many conclusions to be drawn from relevant parts. It must also be taken into rumination that the Bible is not in its original form, through hundreds of years it has been composed and revised so (as put forward by Dawkins again) does it not seem strange that we base our whole morality on such a falsify teaching.Another feature of the DCT, is that everyone will be judged by God, punished for their sins, often in the form of natural disasters. People could say that the recent tsunami and Hurricane Katrina incidents were a form of punishment, but as Dawkins once again highlights, why did this have to happen? It is hard to believe that everyone who died in these disasters was evil, so why could our omnipotent God of Classical Theism not just strike down the individuals without causing so much collateral damage.Moreover, this persuasively yet argues the immoral messages religion can be seen to give.Often, it is argued that the set in stone ru les of the DCT inspire people to live a moral life out of the incentive of making it to heaven, and avoiding hell. This may be true, but does it not tarnish the goodness of an act when it is done out of selfish reason? Does it then make that act immoral? Yes it does, so it can then be said that the DCT again fails to provide a stable, rational basis for morality.These set in stone rules are also cause for discussion, as they are obviously inarguable to a Divine Command Theorist. To them, consequentialist views such as killing someone to save a greater number would undisputedly be wrong. Even if our intuition is what is telling us that defying a command is right, the believer in DCT would say it is our intuition at fault They do, however fail to take into consideration that by their own decrees intuition is given to us by God to live morally, so why would we intuitively want to go against God?Dawkins arguments suggest that religion is responsible for the most part of evil in the wor ld and his descriptions of people like terrorists as e.g. Not psychotic they are religious idealists who, by their own lights, are rational certainly make sense. However he makes it seem that no religious person has the capacity to do good, which can easily be refuted at the mere mention of the call Mother Theresa, or Martin Luther King. He also unsurprisingly doesnt mention the likes of atheist like Stalin who birthed communism in Russia. disdain this, the majority of Dawkins views and the massive flaws in the DCT show the latter statement in the initial question (Is something good because God commands it, or does God command something because it is good?) to be the most convincing of the two.Although the DCT offers a way for humanity to be good, religion itself harbors too many inconsistencies to base everything we stand for on.

Current health and safety legislation Essay Example for Free

on-going health and refuge legislation EssayEnsure the bea in or outdoors is separated of any hazards or risks and is safe for CYP to work or play in safely. There should be fair to middling space for the number of people using it to move round comfortably and safely. Equipment should be stored safely memory should be labelled clearly. Furniture should be appropriate size for age of CYP using it. Lighting and encumbrance should be taken into account and specific risks to individuals as in pregnancy, impaired sight or hearing, disabled, and CYP with redundant educational needs. We hand over a duty of care towards all the CYP in our care. The outdoor environment has almost different needs alike secure boundaries, being regularly inspected. The area should be checked for bedding broken glass or animal droppings. Ensure any plants bushes or trees are safe no thorns or nettles and no poisonous or irritant leaves, berries, or flowers. Safety rules should be displayed and exp lained to the CYP also qualification sure they have a clear understanding of how to use any toys or equipment safely.Areas that include ponds, pools and sandpits etc should be covered when not in use. Be aware of lines of responsibility for checking the learning environment for risks and hazards. Your health and safe officer should answer any queries you have. There should be the correct ratio of adults to children with suitable training and safety clearance. In both these environments and off-site visits everyone should be aware of what to do in case of emergencies, fire alarms, incidents, accidents or illness. Be aware of possible signs and indicators of child abuse physical, emotional, sexual abuse, bullying and harassment , neglect and chastening to thrive not based on illness. The signs could be behavioural changes such as regression, withdrawal, excessive caution seeking, aggression and negative behaviour. Physical indicators such as unlikely bruising, burns, marks, genita l irritation or damage, ache , being dirty, lack ofhealth care.In school we have notices about certain children whom either have allergies, specific illnesses that require specialised medication or immediate contacting of emergency services, they have a scene of the child and detailed instructions of what to do in an emergency. altogether incidents and accidents no matter how minor are preserve in detail in our first aid book, anything more serious has to be recorded on special incident sheets along with any witness statements. We have regular fire occupation practices. There are security locks on the main exits that can only be opened with a swipe card that only members of staff have. If someone should get through this system and are dark to staff they will be challenged by any member of staff within the school and asked to leave.All the CYPs are regularly reminded of stranger danger and what to do if they should be approached by a stranger. The supply are locked to the entr ance of the school at starting and leaving times for the CYPs to ensure there is no danger from cars or lorries driving on and off site. CYP are regularly reminded of hygiene issues like washing hands after using the toilet or at lunch times onward eating their food, there are also posters to remind them on a daily basis too.

The Goal A Process of Ongoing Improvement Essay Example for Free

The Goal A exhibit of Ongoing Improvement EssayThe two authors are finalising the first comprehensive bibliography on the Theory of Constraints (TOC)23 which is to be create by magnetic north River Press, the publishers of several works on TOC, most notably Eli Goldratts germinal works l l-171, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as The Goal, Its Not Luck, and Critical Chain. Based on our extensive attend of the literature, this talk result draw on grammatical geeks of applications of TOC, and summae important findings on the theory and practice of TOC. Although initi completelyy a manufacturing regularity, TOC has now developed into a theory about management a motiveful systemic difficulty structuring and problem solving methodological analysis which can be workoutd to develop ancestors with both intuitive power and analytical rigour. TOC is increasingly being utilize to perspectives outside the manufacturing context, including distribution, marketing, project manageme nt, accounting in fact, any situation involving change to a system.1 IntroductionThe main motivation for the research describe in this report was the realisation that TOC is growing very rapidly, and we simply did not know what was out there ie what had already been tackled. Hence our mission two years ago was to conduct a literature search to grade modern works (mostly post 1990). This search has culminated in an annotated bibliography, which is to be published shortly by North River Press 23. Alongside this literature research grew a Masters thesis, pulling all this solid together, both the theory and the practice. 2This paper will first briefly outline the background to TOC, and then report on the practice-related material from the survey of published applications and the findings. Readers conjureing to gain the benefit of a fuller treatment of this material for a review of the entire TOC field are referred to 2 while those wishing to obtain a repeat of the bibliography a re referred to 23.In its brief 20-year history, TOC has developed rapidly in terms of both methodology (see for example 6, S) and area of applications (see for example, 191, 271). In the late 1970s, the founder of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), Eliyahu Goldratt, Israeli physicist turned business guru, developed a revolutionary method for production scheduling lo which was instark contrast to accepted methods available at the time, much(prenominal) as MRP.Central to the TOC philosophy was that any organisation (or system) has a constraint (or small turn of plaints of constraints) which dominate the entire system. The secret to success lies with managing these constraints, and the system as it interacts with these constraints, to get the best out of the whole system. The Drum-Buffer-Rope schedulingsystem, together with the general principles espoused in The Goal, were elements of TOC that became part of successful manufacturing management.Even so, some companies failed in their attempts to adopt OPT, the packet package based on Goldratts method lo. Such failure was usually diagnosed as an inability or unwillingness by the organisation to discard old traditions, and embrace the naked philosophy and the new measures that were concomitant with successful adoption. The most common measures that need to be reviewed are accounting measures, as TOC promotes the use of global system-wide measures, rather than local measures. The motivation for this is that if a system as a whole is to carry through its goal, it is best for the systems individual parts to work as a team in sync rather than at their give individual speeds.Given that the major(ip) constraint to everyplaceture was the protection to changing these measures, it is not surprising therefore that this is the direction that TOC followed, to tackle this biggest constraint to adoption behaviours. Thus the TOC cerebration Processes were born a suite of tools that allows people to learn and use the t hinking processes that modify them to develop their own solutions to complex problems. This suite of tools enables analysis of a situation, using the rigour of cause and effect thinking pursuit strict logic rules, combined with the intuition and knowledge of the persons owning, or intimately involved with, the problem. The TPs enable more complex problems (messes) to be tackled, and welcome much in common with other soft systems approaches such as SSM and SODA/cognitive mapping.In our opinion, these thinking processes now offer much to OIUMS practiti unrivaledrs (as well as the more traditional users from the OperationsManagement field).2 The SurveyThe literature search has unc everywhereed everywhere 310 items on TOC, including 32 books. The majority of these were developing/discussing the methodology from a theoretical viewpoint. Many claims were do regarding the benefits of TOC. These include increased throughputs, reduced inventories and lead-times, which in turn would lead to higher sales, and improved profits, quality, and guest satisfaction. However we felt up it would also be useful to collect together and analyse the actual reported data on the benefits of TOC, to verify or disprove these claims.The literature search identified over one hundred wooing studies or vignettes that contained information on the results of applications of TOC. Not all cases or vignettes provided quantitative data on the results of applying TOC. In marrow, we were able to collect quantitative data on the application of TOC to seventy-seven different companies. The types of organisations covered by these cases varied from giant multi-national corporations and industry leaders like Boeing and GM, to military organisations lie the US Aii Force, to small townsfolk bakeries.The vast majority of TOC applications were in the manufacturing sector. Within this sector, there are significant clusters of applications in the aerospace, apparel, automotive, electronics, furniture , semiconductor, steel and large(p) engineering industries. closely of these focused on the manufacturing operations of each organisation. However, there were several instances of application to administrative functions. Analysis of the frequency of article and book publications per year shows a considerable growth of publications in recent years. This is partially due to the formation of the Constraints Management Special Interest Group within the influential APICS. This year, we have seen a dramatic increase in the number of books published on TOC, withnine new books hitting the shelves, including 6, 21, 26.This takes the total number of books on TOC to 32, since the release of The Goal 151 in 1984. TOC is a complex methodology requiring skill and cooperation to implement. This whitethorn be why there have been few complete applications of the methodology reported in the literature. Most applications involve components of the overall philosophy, predominantly the operations man agement technique, DBR, and the constraint oriented continuousimprovement technique, the five dollar bill Focusing Steps. This is significant as many of the results of applications, summarised below, are the result of entirely the partial power of TOC.The case survey methodology 20 used for data collection has limitations, the main one being the lack of trunk in the reporting conventions. Authors used a range of different frames and methods for reporting results. Thus, there were limitations to the types of data that were usable. However, consume size of 78 applications provided sufficient data for robust conclusions for most variables, the only exception being changes in profitability the small sample size for this is thought to be due to commercial sensitivity.However, this deficiency is do up by a reasonable sample of organisations reporting changes in revenue resulting from the application. In total, a sample of twenty-five -data points were gathered for changes in moneta ry performance. Inherent within the case survey methodology is the potential for bias on the part of the authors themselves, and academic journal editors. However the latter bias whitethorn be mitigated in part, as articles relating to TOC were published in some 83 different journals and magazines.The prominent majority of applications reported in the literature were conducted in North America. A number of European applications were reported, with only a few cases emerging from the UK and Australasia.2.1 entropy AnalysisThis research exercise is believed to be the first published examination of the actual performance of the Theory of Constraints. The table in Appendix 1 gives a cream of the results2. We were initially concerned that there were so many apparent gaps in the data, as it could be argued that these omissions indicate that these factors were not improved, or that only a few factors in each case improved, perhaps even to the detriment of other factors. However, on refl ection we recognised there are many valid reasons for such omissions.Firstly, several of the measures used are essentially measuring the sameeffect eg Lead-time, Cycle Time and receivable Date performance all measure the companys ability to respond speedily to customer orders. Thus one would not expect authors to report all measures. Secondly, many companies do not wish to report factors such as financial results, for competitive reasons. Thirdly, many companies adopt TOC with a particular focus, such as to improve due date performance and may fail to give much care to effects outside this focus.Furthermore, it is often difficult to collect hard data people do not always take measurements before they make changes they may not envisage how effective this approach will be often they have tried other methods before, and the results have not been noteworthy, so why should this method be any different? Sometimes the results are simply too hard to organize eg to calculate the Inventor y figures using Goldratts definition (see 6, 161 or 27) is problematic if the companys accounts are vigilant using normal cost To our knowledge, the only other published survey of applications to date is that by Noreen, smith and Mackey 27, which reported in depth on 25 organisations that were using TOC. The complete table runs to some 7 pages, so is not included here due to the page limit.accounting conventions (GAPP), as experience with Expozay showed 22. Or they may have changed the way they measure Inventory as part of the change to TOC, and hence any reported figures would be misleading. Another reason might be that people would prefer not to know how bounteous things really are at the start.Finally, when taken in context of the articles themselves, it is apparent that the authors considered TOC to be a success. For all these reasons, the gaps in the data are not considered to be unreasonable.The data available was analysed using Exploratory Data Analysis methods.2.2 Findi ngs of the analysisThe results of the analysis of reported changes in operational and financial performance, resulting from the application of TOC, are summarised below Lead-Times lowly Reduction 69 %A reckon reduction in lead-time of 69% emerged from the sample of xxxiiobservations, all of which reported reductions. Over three quarters of the sample experienced reductions in lead-time greater than 50%Cycle-Times Mean Reduction 66%In every case where changes in cycle-time were reported, the reports showed a decrease, or improvement in cycle-time. Fourteen observations made up the sample for change in cycle-times.Due-Date-Performance Mean Improvement 60%Improving due-date-performance is synonymous with meeting delivery promises to customers. A mean improvement of 60% emerged from the sample. Twelve observations made up the sample for change in due-date-performance. Several organisations experienced improvements of over 100%.Inventory Levels Mean Reduction 50%Reducing armory is asso ciated with reducing lead-times in a DBR system. A mean inventory reduction of 50% resulted from the sample of 28 observations. Lead-Time and Inventory Reduction Correlation 0.77Goldratt and Fox (1986) claim that when DBR is applied to a manufacturing system, the reduction in lead-time is strongly correlated with the reduction of inventory level. This research verifies the claims of Goldratt and Fox, as shown by a 0.77 Spearrnans Rank Correlation. This analysis was conducted on a sample of thirteen observations where organisations provided data on changes to both lead-times and inventory levels. Revenue / Throughput Mean step-up 68% (outlier exclusive)This variable represents the amount of money approach into the organisation. All reports represented increases in revenue or throughput. The impressive mean increase of 68% excludes one outlier, a 600% increase at Lucent Technologies achieved within one year. Five organisations, from the sample of eighteen, reported increases in reve nues in excess of lOO%, within one financial year.Combined Financial Variable Mean Increase 82 % A sample of twenty-five observations for the combine revenue / throughput / profit variable revealed a mean increase of 82%, excluding the 600% increase at Lucent Technologies. 2.3 Conclusions from this analysisl In the survey of over 100 cases, no failures or disappointing results were reported. l Some substantial improvements in operational variables as well as financial variables were reported. On average, inventories were reduced by 50%, production times (measured by lead-times, cycle times or due date performance) improved by over 60%, and financial measures improved by over 80%. In addition, inventory reductions were accompanied by lead-time reductions a travail not matched by JIF. l The vast majority of cases reported only partial applications of TOC. We are left-hand(a) to wonder whether improvements would have been even greater had more of the methodology been applied.l The e ntire survey revealed over 300 articles and books on TOC, of which only a handful contained negative comments, and none of these related to actual applications of the methodology. duration there were several papers reporting computer simulations comparing TOC with other scheduling methods, typically MRP and JIT, none showed TOC to be inferior to other methods most showed a significant advantage on most measures. l TOC evokes some emotive responses, which is not surprising given that TOC challenges some fundamental notions.l The technical solution to dramatically improving financial and operational performance, is comparatively simple to identify (especially in hindsight4) l The major difficulty is overcoming the behavioural tendency of resistance to change. l TP applications commonly find that underlying core problems are erroneous or deficient measurements, policies and/or training. Often these are found to be outdated, and no longer consistent with the companys goal.l Not surprisi ngly, our enquiries and experience have identified a great number of other applications that have not been published in many instances the results will never be published, because the focus is on internal change management for competitive advantage.